Sweet,
juicy blueberries are rich in natural pigment anti-oxidant, pro-anthocyanidins.
The small round blue-purple berries have long been attributed to the longevity
and wellness of indigenous natives around arctic regions of Northern
hemisphere.
Botanically,
the plant is a deciduous shrub belonging to the family of Ericaceae, of the
genus: Vaccinium.
Broadly,
vaccinium species are classified according to their growth habit as high-bush
and low-bush berries.
High-bush
blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) is an erect deciduous shrub with many stems.
It grows to 10-12 feet tall in cultivated farms and bears clusters of small,
cream-white flowers during spring, which subsequently convert to fruits after
about 2 months. In the wild, high bush blueberry is found on the edges of
marshes, lakes, ponds, and streams. Rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum,
also known as V. ashei.) is medium sized shrubs grow naturally in South Eastern
parts of USA.
Low-bush
blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) is short, erect plant grow about a one-two
feet in height and spread by underground rhizomes. In cultivated farms, it is
grown as two-year cycle crop since the whole plant is either mowed down or
burnt to allow new shoots to appear only during next season.
Both
species require well-drained sandy, acidic soil to flourish. This berry shrub
prefers open sunny conditions and intolerant to shade. In general, the berries
are ready to harvest when the green- pink berries turn completely blue, juicy
and sweeter. Traditionally, blue berries are hand harvested and require intense
laboring. Soon after the berries separated from the shrub, they are sorted out
and transported to cold-storage facility.
Health
benefits of blueberries
- Blueberry
is very low in calories. 100 g fresh berries provide only 57 calories. However,
the berries contain health benefiting soluble dietary fiber, minerals,
vitamins, and pigment anti-oxidants that contribute immensely for optimum
health and wellness.
- Blueberries
are among the highest anti-oxidant value fruits. The ORAC value of 100 g fresh
blueberries is 5562 TE (Trolex equivalents). Their antioxidant value largely
derived from poly-phenolic anthocyanidin compounds such as chlorogenic acid,
tannins, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol.
- In
addition, these berries have other flavonoid anti-oxidants such as carotene β, lutien and
zeaxanthin.
- Altogether,
the phyto-chemical compounds in the blueberry help rid off harmful
oxygen-derived free radicals from the body, and thereby, protect the body from
cancers, aging, degenerative diseases, and infections.
- In
addition, research studies suggest that chlorogenic acid in these berries help
lower blood sugar levels and control blood glucose levels in type-II diabetes
mellitus condition.
- Fresh
berries contain small amount of vitamin C, vitamin A and vitamin E. Altogether
these vitamins make potent lipid soluble anti-oxidants, help limit free radical
mediated injury to body.
- The
berries also contain small amount of B-complex group of vitamins such as
niacin, pyridoxine, folates and pantothenic acid. It contains very good amounts
of vitamin B-6, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid and folic acid. These
vitamins are acting as co-factors help body metabolize carbohydrates, protein,
and fats.
- In
addition, these berries contain good amount of minerals like potassium,
manganese, copper, iron and zinc. Potassium is an important component of cell
and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure. Manganese
is used by the body as a co-factor for the antioxidant enzyme, superoxide
dismutase. Copper is required in the production of red blood cells. Iron is
required for red blood cell formation.
Selection
and storage
Fresh
blueberries are readily available in the markets all around the year due to
imports from across the continents. However fresh wild berries are at their
best from June until August when the harvest season begins in Michigan and
Maine in USA and from Quebec province in Canada.
In
the stores, look for fresh berries that are firm, plump, smooth-skinned, with a
silver-gray surface bloom. Buy deep purple-blue to blue-black berries. Avoid
soft or shriveled, over-handled bruises berries and those with signs of mold
and of old stock.
Once
at home place the berries in a plastic or zip pouch and store in the
refrigerator set with high relative humidity where they keep well for up to a
week.
Preparation
and serving tips
Blueberries are sweet and juicy, leaves deep
blue pigment stain over teeth and tongue. Trim away any stems and leaves if you
have purchased berries directly from the local farmer.
They
are better eaten fresh after washing in cold water. If taken out from the cold
storage, place them in a bowl of water to bring to normal room temperature to
enrich their taste and palatability. Gently pat dry using a moisture absorbent
cloth/ paper and enjoy!
Here
are some serving tips:
- Traditionally,
blueberries have been part of food culture of Native Americans.
- While
fresh berries eaten fresh, dried ones added to soup, stews and to sweeten
venison meat.
- They
are one of the most preferred berries in the preparation of muffins, pies, and
cheesecakes.
- These
berries are also favorite addition to fruit salads, fresh fruit tarts,
icecreams etc.
- They
are also used to make juice, jellies, and jams.
Safety
profile
Blueberries
may rarely cause serious allergic reactions in some sensitized individuals.
Most often, these kinds of reactions occur because of possible cross-reactions
to other fruits (strawberry), pollen or weed allergies. Some of the most common
symptoms of blueberry allergy may include swelling and redness of mouth, lips
and tongue, eczema, hives, skin rash, headache, runny nose, itchy eyes,
wheezing and gastrointestinal disturbances. Individuals who suspect allergy to
these fruits may want to avoid eating them.